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Glossary

Battlement
Defensive parapet, composed of merlons (solid) and crenels or crenelles (embrasures or openings) through which archers could shoot; sometimes called crenellation. Also used decoratively. Irish battlements have the up-and-down rhythm of merlons and crenels interrupted at the corners, which are built up in a series of high steps; typical of late medieval Irish architecture.
Bawn
(Irish, lit. ox fold): Defensive walled enclosure attached to, or near, a tower house or Plantation castle.
Bay
Division of an elevation or interior space as defined by regular vertical features such as arches, columns, windows etc.
Bay leaf
Classical ornament of overlapping bay leaves.
Bay window
Window of one or more storeys projecting from the face of a building. Canted: with a straight front and angled sides. Bow window: curved. Oriel: rests on corbels or brackets and starts above ground level; also the bay window at the upper or dais end of a medieval great hall.
Bead-and-reel
A type of classical ornament resembling a string of convex- and concave-ended beads.
Beakhead
Norman enrichment with a row of beaked bird or beast heads usually biting into a roll moulding.
Beaux-Arts
London
An approach to classical design associated with the
Bee-boll
(Scots): Wall recess to contain a beehive.
Belfast roof truss
A wide segmental truss (a rigid frame spanning a space or opening) built as a lattice-beam, originally using short cuts of timber left over from shipbuilding in Belfast.

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